Introduction
People have changed their perceptions of the required programming skills in an era of modern technologies and autonomous and intelligent systems. However, any solid programming skills that top professionals display tend to have proficiency in C++ programming to begin their career paths as a developer.
It is fascinating to discover that C++ is among the most popular programming languages globally due to its applicability for developing a wide range of applications and software programs.
C++ is an extension of the C programming language, which is more dynamic and universal. Although many sophisticated programming languages have been introduced in the past years, C++ plays an essential role in various programming tasks.
Today, C++ is widely used for applications, and a majority of operating systems are programmed using C++ language. Similarly, C++ is also used in backend technology for applications that require high-end graphical processing with highly graphic-intensive applications.
Simultaneously, C++ is also used for modern gadgets like smartwatches and is found in some of the diagnostic machines in medicine. The large variety of applications that uses C++ programming ranges from financial systems to cloud systems and even browsers and compilers. Therefore C++ developers continue to have constant demand in the industry.
Getting Started in the Industry
Educational Qualifications
For aspirants aiming for a career as a C++ developer, the educational qualifications are of utmost importance. A typical C++ developer role requires a bachelor’s degree that will enable developers to have a minimum of an entry-level position which can vary as per the programming proficiency of the individual.
Additionally, those aiming for senior developer positions must opt for a master’s degree and other relevant certifications and hands-on expertise to be considered for such higher positions. According to recent reports, it has been found that more than 40% of the C++ developers and aspirants opt for a major in computer science or specialization in software development to build a solid foundation during their bachelor’s degree.
Foundations for Absolute Beginners
Fundamental Skills
Regardless of the programming languages known to a software engineer, it is essential to have some fundamental skills of the associated factors such as knowledge of databases and operating systems. It is advisable to upskill with the knowledge of SQL and MySQL alongside C++ and a fair amount of concepts related to Windows, and Linux can give the necessary boost to a career as a developer.
Another critical aspect of a developer’s career is the ability to understand source code control. In the current IT industry, the possibility of source code management in software development is necessary as it allows to coordinate the task with multiple experts while having the possibility to keep track of the changes in any of the files.
The combination of programming skills, alongside database and operating system knowledge and Git, can ensure aspirants begin their career slightly above the junior C++ developer positions in an organization as multinationals are always looking for multi-skilled professionals.
Critical Areas of C++ Language
The fundamentals of the C++ language are a must-have for any developer, and having the basics highlights strong developer skills. However, certain areas are highly preferred in the industry, such as data structures and algorithms.
As learning proceeds to an advanced stage, the individuals must grasp the concepts of virtual methods, destructors, operator overloading, templates, classes, the standard library uses, and syntax. Additionally, several open source projects can be used to strengthen the professional coding styles further.
Furthermore, the essential tool required for development in C++ is a compiler. Therefore, people must understand the use of compiler and command-line interfaces (CLIs). CLIs can read the programs and convert them into object codes.
This enables the computer to execute the source code directly. However, to make C++ more convenient to use, developers use IDE. Thus, it is advisable to understand how to use Visual Studio for Windows OS users. Similarly, GCC is considered a good option and should be among the skill set as it supports both macOS and Linux.
Essential Tips for Beginners
Those who are willing to take up online certificate courses for upskilling themselves must keep certain things in mind to embark on the journey as a C++ developer.
Duration
The amount of time required to learn C++ varies for different learners depending on the previous exposure to any kind of programming. It is highly advisable to begin from scratch for beginners. The learners who have some kind of experience with programming should also opt to refresh the fundamentals. The knowledge of the C language is a big plus as it allows learners to grasp the concepts much faster.
Communication
In the beginning, the basics of C++ might seem to be overwhelming. However, seeking experienced C++ programmers can make the learning easier with industry-oriented tips, which are not available in any books but are generated out of the experience.
Continuous Practice
To gain mastery of C++, one must look to have sufficient exposure to hands-on experience as it is the critical aspect of any programmer. The individuals should practice on real-world projects and understand the coding and approaches by top programmers on open-source projects. As technologies continue to evolve, the style of coding changes, hence one must look to visualize modern approaches which can provide invaluable information on the journey as a C++ developer.
Error Fix
As much as the coding aspect of programming is essential, a developer is considered an expert in finding errors in a code and fixing them. Debugging is equally relevant in an organization’s developmental environment. The trickiest part of a developer’s job is fixing the errors, and in an organization, there is not much help on that aspect. Therefore, one must equip themselves to be self-dependent to fix their coding errors on their own.
Association with Student and Professional Learning Community
There are several learning communities for students and professionals where top professionals and tutors provide valuable guidance and help understand the problems and provide insights into the industry and critical resources. Some of the communities are StackOverflow and CodeProject.
Top 10 Online C++ Certification Courses
Certificate courses on C++ help aspirants gain mastery over complex problem solving using the C++ programming language. Most of the top software engineers in multinational companies begin as C++ developers at some point in their careers.
The certification courses ensure that the aspirants build their programming skills and the analytical ability to become top-level programmers. Upon completing a comprehensive certificate course, the students are fully aware of the fundamentals, knowledge of working on real-world projects, and the skills required by software engineers to solve complex problems by designing algorithms, testing, and debugging the program’s developmental environment.
Some of the top courses on the e-learning platform for C++ are highlighted in the following section.
1. Coding for Everyone: C and C++ Specialization – Coursera
The course is offered by the University of California, Santa Cruz on the Coursera platform. The course follows a beginner to programmer path and provides a deep understanding of computer programming by building coding skills. It is divided into four modules-two for C language and the remaining two for C++.
The basics of programming in C are introduced to make it easier to grab the advanced concepts of C++ semantics and syntax. The course aims to build upon the skills to master high-level problems using algorithms for complex tasks through the projects. The course’s takeaway is a comprehensive understanding of coding, debugging, and complex problem-solving with C and C++ programming knowledge. The course curriculum includes the following:
- C for Everyone: Programming Fundamentals
- C for Everyone: Structured Programming
- C ++ for C Programmers-Part A
- C++ for C Programmers- Part B
Instructor: Ira Pohl
Level: Beginner
Video Lectures: NA
User Review: 4.4/5
Price: Free Enrollment (Additional charges may apply for certification)
2. Learn C++ – Codecademy
The course is available on Codecademy. It is highly beneficial for absolute beginners. There are no prerequisites for the course. The takeaways from the course include a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental programming concepts and a look at some critical advanced C++ topics required for development today.
The learners will also get hands-on experience working on projects to display block letters, calculating the dog years, and a program that solves quadratic equations. The course modules are:
- Hello World
- Writing, compiling, and executing the first C++ program.
- Variables
- Introduction to variables and basic data types.
- Conditionals and Logic
- Learning how to use conditionals and logic to build programs for arriving at different outcomes.
- Loops
- Uses of loops in programming.
- Loop Challenge Project
- Vectors
- Using vectors to keep the data organized.
- Functions
- Using functions to write flexible, modular, and reusable codes.
- Functions Challenge Project
- Classes and Objects
- Using classes and objects to build scalable and modular programs.
- References and Pointers
- Learning to use powerful features of C++ such as references and pointers for directly manipulating the memory.
Instructor: Industry Experts
Level: Beginner
Video Lectures: NA
User Review: NA
Price: Price available on sign up
3. C++ Fundamentals Including C++ 17 – Pluralsight
The course is available on Pluralsight. In this course, the learners will write simple console applications and proceed to more advanced programming such as writing platform-specific codes using C++.
First, the learners will be introduced to the basic syntax- declaring variables, classes, building expressions using operators and functions and templates, indirection and polymorphism.
Additionally, the learners will explore syntax additions from C++11, C++14, and C++17 with modern compilers for running the examples. Finally, the learners will have a thorough understanding of modern C++ in a developmental environment, using the standard library and idioms with the likes of resource acquisitions to reduce the memory management effort during developmental tasks.
At the end of the course, the learners will be comfortable with reading and writing modern C++, similar to advanced C++ developers in the industry today. The course modules comprise of the following:
Course Overview
- Introduction
- Why C++?
- The Standard Library
- Modern C++
- Standardization
Tools
- What do you need?
- Building and popular tools
- Visual Studio
- Kinds of applications
- Demo
- Console application structure
- Creating a project
Variables and Fundamental Types
- Language Basics-Variables
- Fundamental Types
- Auto and Casting
- Demo
User-Defined Types
- Building
- Classes and objects
- Constructors
- Scope
- Struct and Namespace
- Inheritance
- Enumerations and the Preprocessor
- Demo of the concepts covered
Flow of Control
- Introduction
- If, While and For
- Switch
- Immediate If
- Demo
Functions
- Free Functions
- Member functions
- Understanding error messages
- Cause of error messages
- Demo
Operators
- Arithmetic operators
- Comparisons
- Bitwise operators
- Operator overloading
- Writing and overload
- Demo
Templates
- Template functions
- Template classes
- Template specialization
- Demo
Indirection
- Pointers and references
- Const
- Const after or before?
- Const with indirection
- Demo
Memory Management
- The Freestore
- Manual memory management
- Easy memory management
- Standard library and intelligent pointers
- Demo
Indirection and Inheritance
- References and inheritance
- Pointers and inheritance
- Slicing
- Casting and indirection
- Demo
Instructor: Kate Gregory
Level: Beginner
Video Lectures: 114 video lectures
User Review: 4.7/5
Price: Free 10-day trial (Charges applicable after trial period. Price available on sign up)
4. Introduction to Programming in C++ – edX
The 8-week course is offered by New York University (NYU) on the edX platform. The course introduces the fundamentals and covers all the core concepts required to be a successful C++ developer in the industry.
All the essential topics such as iteration, decision trees, branching, data types, and expression are covered in-depth with hands-on exercises.
The first module explores the concepts of programming and data structures, and it is advised to take up each module as per the order suggested for the course.
By the end of the course, the learners will be well aware of the concepts such as C++ assignments and their application in program development, basic C++ I/) operations, data and arithmetic operations, expressions using relational operators, logical operators, and the selection and repetition statements. The course modules are:
Week 1 – Hello World
- First C++ Program
Week 2 – Data Types and Expressions
- Type Casting
- ASCII
- Literals
- The String Class
- Boolean Expression
Week 3 – Data Type Labs
Week 4 – Branching Statements
- Absolute Value
- One-Way if Statements
- Switch Statements
Week 5 – Branching Labs
Week 6 – Iterative Statements & Functions
- Syntax
- Pigeonhole principle
- Function definition
- Domain, target, Range
- One-to-one and onto functions
- Composition of function
- Inverse function
Week 7 – Iteration Labs
Week 8 – Final Exam
Instructor: Aspen Olmsted and Itay Tal
Level: Intermediate
Video Lectures: NA
User Review: NA
Price: Free Enrollment (Additional $334 for certification)
5. Become a C++ Developer –
Nanodegree Program – Udacity
The course is available on the Udacity platform. The nano degree program is equivalent to a specialization course on other platforms. In this course, the learners get exposure to real-world projects to build their hands-on experience.
The projects include building a route planner using Openstreet map data, writing a process monitor program for the computer and implementing intelligent pointers, and building a multi-threaded traffic simulator.
At the end of the course, the learners will build strong programming skills and code their C++ applications. The prerequisite of the course includes intermediate knowledge of any programming language. Additional offerings of this course include technical mentor support, project review, and feedback from experienced reviewers from the industry. The course modules include:
- C++ Foundations
- Object-Oriented Programming
- Memory Management
- Concurrency
- Capstone project
Instructor: David Silver, Stephen Welch, and Andreas Haja
Level: Intermediate
Video Lectures: NA
User Review: 4.6/5
Price: Monthly- $310 Approximately, and Yearly- $1064 Approximately
6. Beginning C++ Programming: From Beginner to Beyond – Udemy
The course is available on Udemy. This course is suitable for learners looking to gain entry into the field of software development. The learners will be able to build their knowledge of industry practices for development.
This course covers all the fundamentals and the advanced concepts of C++ programming. The course explores the essentials of modern C++ object-oriented programming and the STL skills required for games, systems, and app development. Some of the critical areas covered in this program include:
- Looping with while, do/while for, range-based for statements, and recursion
- Performing calculations and displaying results
- Functions
- Pointers
- Using existing classes and creating objects
- Creating your classes
- Using Basic Standard Template Library classes such as Vector
- Constructors and Destructors
- Copy and Move semantics, including Copy constructors, move constructors, and copy and move assignment
- How to overload operators
- Using inheritance and class hierarchies
- Using Polymorphic functions and dynamic binding
- Using smart pointers
- Using stream I/O
- An introduction to the C++ STL
- An introduction to Exception Handling
- The course curriculum has the following modules:
- Introduction
- Installation and Setup
- Getting started
- Structure of a C++ program
- Variables and Constants
- Arrays and Vectors
- Statement and Operators
- Controlling Program Flow
- Characters and Strings
- Functions
- Pointers and References
- OOP-Classes and Objects
- Operator Overloading
- Inheritance
- Polymorphism
- Smart Pointers
- I/O and Streams
- The Standard Template Library
- Source Code
Instructor: Tim Buchalka’s Learn Programming Academy and Dr. Frank Mitropoulos
Level: Beginner/Intermediate
Video Lectures: 277 video lectures
User Review: 4.6/5
Price: $8.9 Approximately (Pricing may vary as per the region)
7. C++ Advanced Topics – LinkedIn Learning
The course is designed to cover complex aspects of the core programming language and intelligent pointers to move semantics. The learners will gain a strong understanding of the concepts such as classes and objects and class inheritance.
Additionally, the concepts of intelligent pointers and their uses for managing memory allocation are covered in-depth. The course also explores copy and swap idiom, lambda functions, working with unit test libraries, and creating a custom string library. All of the concepts are covered with practical implementations to gain a deeper understanding of the concepts. The course modules are:
Introduction
Advanced programming with C++
Classes and Objects
- Defining a class
- Data members
- Function members
- Constructors and destructors
- Explicit constructors
- Namespaces
- Self-referencing pointer
- Operator overloads
- Non-member operators
- Conversion operators
- Increment and decrement operators
- Allocating object memory
- Functions
Class Inheritance
- Overview
- Simple inheritance
- Accessing the base class
- Friendship and multiple inheritances
- Polymorphism
Smart Pointers
- Why smart pointers?
- Unique Pointer
- Shared Pointer
- Weak Pointer
- Using a custom delete
- Choosing a smart pointer
Move Semantics
- What is move semantics?
- Understanding Lvalues and rvalues
- Using std:: move
- The move constructor
- The move assignment operator
- The copy and swap idiom
- Rule of five
Lambda Functions
- Lambda syntax
- Captures
- Polymorphic lambdas
The C Preprocessor
- About the preprocessor
- Macros as constants
- Including files
- Conditional compilation
- Defining macros
- Including files only once
Unit Tests
- The importance of unit tests
- A unit test library
Custom String Library
- Why non-STL strings?
- Overview of BOWstring
- Constructors
- Memory management
- Operators
- Utility methods
- Find and replace
- Splitting strings
- Using the BOWstring library
Conclusion
Instructor: Bill Weinman
Level: Advanced
Video Lectures: 55 video lectures
User Review: NA
Price: 1-Month free trial (Charges may apply after the trial period ends)
8. Mastering 4 Critical Skills Using C++17 – Udemy
The course is available on the Udemy platform. This course is designed to build upon the basic to advanced modern C++ syntax and exposure to projects using modern C++ coding. It is among the highest-rated courses on the platform and builds problem-solving and project-building skills for learners.
This course includes more than 6 projects and a strong emphasis on providing practical experience. The takeaways from the course include a complete understanding of critical concepts such as:
- Solid understanding of programming concepts using C++
- Fundamentals: Variables, Loops, Control Flow, Functions, Recursive Functions, Arrays
- Advanced Topics: Pointers, STL, Templates, Headers, and Includes, Exception Handling, Compilation Process, Debugging
- Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): Classes, Objects, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Operator Overloading
- Modern Topics in C++11/C++14/C++17: Move Semantics, Perfect Forwarding, Variadic Template, Folding expressions, Smart Pointers, Lambda Expressions, Wrappers (Optional, Variant, Any), Uniform initialization, noexcept, Structured Binding, Nested namespaces, misc.
- OOP: Member initializer, Defaulted and Deleted Functions, delegating constructors, Inheriting Constructors
- STL: Forward list, Initializer list, Array, Unordered containers
- Design: Several principles and patterns are embedded in the homework & projects
- Algorithmic (problem-solving) and applications
- Software design concerns.
- Software Engineering & Design Patterns
- Implementation of OOP concepts
- Data Structure course and Algorithms
- Use of C++ for frontend or backend
- Insights into game development and embedded development.
Instructor: Dr. Mostafa Saad Ibrahim
Level: Advanced
Video Lectures: 356 video lectures
User Review: 4.8/5
Price: $50 Approximately (Charges may vary according to the region)
9. Complete Modern C++ (C++ 11/14/17) – Udemy
The course is offered on the Udemy platform. The course explores the concepts of C++ as an object-oriented language comprising modern features. In this course, the learners will experience working with both old and new C++ concepts with practical examples.
The course builds insights into building complex programs using classes, operators, overloading, composition, inheritance, and polymorphism as some of the advanced concepts. The prerequisite of the course includes the experience of working with a programming language.
Instructor: Umar Lone
Level: Advanced
Video Lectures: 221 video lectures
User Review: 4.5/5
Price: $6.2 Approximately (Charges may vary according to the region)
10. Design Patterns in Modern C++ – Udemy
The course is available on Udemy. It is designed for C++ developers and is an advanced course. The course provides a comprehensive overview of design patterns in modern C++, emphasizing building the learners’ practical knowledge.
The course covers the latest versions of the C++ programming language, modern programming approaches, modern developer tools and pattern variations, and alternative approaches.
The learners will gain mastery in applying and recognizing design patterns, knowledge about the applicability and usability of design patterns, and refactor existing designs to use design patterns.
Instructor: Dmitri Nesteruk
Level: Advanced
Video Lectures: 130 video lectures
User Review: 4.5/5
Price: $6.2 Approximately (Charges may vary according to the region)
Career Prospects for C++ Developers
With the advent of emerging technologies, many consider C++ to be outdated technology. However, it is untrue as the C++ developers command one of the highest salaries in the IT industry.
C++ programming provides a tremendous amount of functionality for low-level memory management, which is ideal for embedded systems or other forms of devices. Similarly, C++ is used for developing video games and software, and mobile applications. With a wide range of uses, it provides opportunities for C++ developers as:
- Software Engineer
- Electronic Engineer
- DevOps Engineer
- Game Developer
- Software Development Manager
- Application Engineer
Responsibilities of C++ Developer
C++ developers are primarily associated with creating codes that lay the foundation for software or are entirely involved in the developmental stages. C++ developers plan the developmental stage of the program based on the feasibility of the company’s requirements.
Additionally, C++ developers are also working on testing and debugging to ensure the smooth functioning of software or a program to enhance the user experience. Some of the top responsibilities of a C++ developer role include:
- Managing the process of code releases and updates and associated plug-ins.
- Implementation and the conception of a software solution as per the requirement.
- Writing and analyzing codes for project development.
- Documentation of relevant processes.
- Improve the quality modules.
- Identification of any possible bottlenecks.
- Familiarity with templates in C++.
- Understanding of embedded systems and their designing.
- Providing automated scripts for testing purposes and using tools like Selenium IDE.
- Ability to develop and manage desktop applications.
- Using Java for managing shared network resources.
- Using SSIS package for automating the ETL process.
- Work with reporting with the use of SSRS.
- Work on migrating data to clients and managing the SQL and database-related tasks for generating reports.
- Provide configuration solutions for managing application settings related to desktop applications and the backend.
- Modification of C++ programs for communication of data from the backend to the frontend of Java-based applications.
- Analyzing existing applications and optimizing the performance.
- SVN for version management purposes.
- Ability to perform parallel testing when required.
- Use of legacy containers.
- Ability to perform automation testing using TestNG.
- Implement C++ codes for server APIs.
- Provide inputs in the product lifecycle management.
- Work on JavaScript for providing client-side functionality on web pages.
- Provide HTML and JavaScript functionality for web-based monitoring tasks.
- Use of Git repository for modification of codes.
- Using Python and C++ for standalone development tasks for the application server.
- Coordinate with other teams and share codes through GitHub as a repository.
Salary Trends of C++ Developer Jobs
C++ is widely used across industries for various applications. Therefore, there is a high demand for C++ developers in the job industry. At the same time, it is already known that C++ is used for programming some of the top operating systems that people use today, namely Windows, macOS, and Linux.
Similarly, C++ has its implementation in various graphics-based applications, graphics-heavy applications such as games, and state-of-the-art technologies like computer vision and intelligent devices. This causes a demand for C++ developers across industries, mainly for applications.
According to Indeed, the average base salary for a C++ developer in the United States is $108,561, and it can vary and become higher based on certifications. Experience, educational background, and additional programming skills.
Entry-level C++ developer salary
As per PayScale, the entry-level C++ developer earns $66,058 per year.
Indeed.com Salary Stats
4-8 Years’ Experience: $108,000
8-12 Years: $115,000
12-16 Years: $120,000
16-20 Years: $125,000
20-24 Years: $130,000+
There are several additional benefits offered with the salary packages for senior roles in the company. Another factor that plays a crucial role in the amount of salary being offered is the location.
Certain cities offer a higher salary than the national average or industry trends due to its demand in the particular location and factors like cost of living. C++ developers who have additional knowledge about the hardware aspects alongside the software and programming skills are likely to be rewarded with higher salaries.
As per recent salary trends, 75% of C++ developers in the United States consider their salaries sufficient, considering the cost of living of the location. Some of the complementary skills for a C++ developer that is likely to draw higher salary packages are:
- The knowledge of Android, OS X, iOS, Windows, and Linux operating systems as C++ is an essential factor of these operating systems, including mobile app development.
- The familiarity of databases such as MySQL and MongoDB for the current generation of technologies and database requirements.
- Well-equipped with the knowledge of memory management.
- Familiarity with network-based concepts such as TCP/IP protocols.
- Good command over continuous integration-related concepts.
- Complete understanding of project management methodologies.
- Familiarity with data structures and algorithms to work efficiently on complex problems.
- A good understanding of software development lifecycle.
- Proficiency with other programming languages like Java and Python.
Most Sought After Skills of a C++ Developer
- Python (High Demand) -14.2%
- Java (High Demand)- 9 %
- C++ (High (Demand)- 8.6%
- JavaScript (High Demand)- 5.7%
- Machine Learning Algorithms (High Demand)-4.6%
- Other Skills- 57.9%
High Demand
- Windows
- GIT
- Perl
- Data Structures
- STL
- Hardware
- Software Development
- Code Reviews
- SQL
Moderate Demand
- Version Control
- Scrum
- API
- Design Patterns
- Jenkins
- Jira
- OS
- Http
- Business Process
- SVN
- Multithreading
Low Demand
- XML
- GitHub
- QA
- User Interface
- Unix
- Linux
- Android
- GUI
- Unit Tests
- TCP/IP
- SDLC
- GDB and COM
- Server Side
- UML
- UDP
- Management System
- POS
Although the skills are highlighted as highly demanded or low in demand, it is crucial to understand that these skills fluctuate as per market requirements.
While some skills are listed as low in demand, they might rise up to a higher point at a certain period. Hence, it is essential to be equipped with as many skills as possible.
Another critical aspect is the communication skills as a C++ developer is constantly required to communicate and pass the ideas across to the team and clients to explain the outcome or a possible result of a specific approach.
Preferred Qualification (Besides Educational Background) for C++ Developers
- Certified Scrum Master
- CIRO
- CompTIA Security+
- RHCE
- MCP
- CompTIA Linux+
- CEH
- Six Sigma Certification
Additional Technologies to Master for C++ Developer
C++ developers are constantly working on a wide range of tools for software development. Such tools can range from high-level languages such as Node.js, Python to code management with the likes of Git and SVN. Additionally, the working knowledge of XML and NoSQL is considered a big plus.
Essential Interview Questions for C++ Developer Jobs
Define C++?
C++ is an object-oriented programming language that is a superset of the C programming language. It also comprises additional features as opposed to the C language.
Difference between Reference and Pointer?
Reference is a temporary variable, and it can be used directly to access the value. Also, once a reference variable is assigned, it leaves no possibility of reassigning it with another address value. Additionally, a null value can’t be assigned to the reference variable.
On the other hand, Pointer is a variable that stores the address of a variable. Pointer variables need an indirection operator to access the values. It is an independent variable. Therefore, it can be reassigned to point to other objects. Also, a null value can be assigned to the reference variable.
What are the various types of OOPS concepts in C++?
The various OOPs concepts are class, object, polymorphism, inheritance, data binding, encapsulation, and abstraction, forming the entire OOPS concepts.
What is Namespace in C++?
Namespace is a logical part of the code which is used to stop any naming conflict. It is also used to define the scope of where the identifiers such as variable or class and function are declared. The primary purpose of namespace is to remove ambiguity which can occur when different tasks consist of the same name.
Define std in C++?
Std is a default namespace standard that is used in C++ programming.
What is a class template?
A class template is a name assigned to a generic class.
What is Encapsulation?
Encapsulation is a technique for binding the data and the functions that are acting on data in a class. No outside method can access the data, and only the member function can access the data if the data member is kept private.
Define Polymorphism. How many types of polymorphisms are there?
Polymorphism signifies that more than one function with the same function name can exist with different functionalities. There are two types of which are-compile time polymorphism and run-time polymorphism.
What is a Friend function?
The friend function is like a friend of the class. It is mainly used for accessing private and protected members of the class. However, the friend function is not considered the class member but needs to be listed in the class definition.
Also, the non-member function cannot access the private data of the class. In specific scenarios, the non-member function requires access to the data, and that is where the friend function is used to access the private data of the class.
Define overloading in C++?
In a specific instance, when a single object behaves in multiple ways, it is termed overloading. A single object comprises the same name but with different versions of the same function. Also, C++ allows specifying more than one definition for a function name or an operator within the same scope.
This phenomenon is called function overloading and operator overloading. Operator overloading is used for functions such as member function, non-member function, and friend function.
On the other hand, function overloading occurs as a compile-time polymorphism that defines a family of functions with similar names. However, the function would perform various operations based on the argument list in the function call. Besides, the function that is to be invoked depends on the number of arguments and their type in the argument list.
Conclusion
Learning a C++ programming language is an excellent platform to bolster the knowledge base and begin a developer career. The proficiency of C++ becomes handy to master other high-level programming languages with ease.
Besides, C++ developers are among the ones that have a solid understanding of the programming environment. C++ developers are also considered an integral part of an organization as they collaborate with stakeholders to determine the application requisites or carve the path for software deployment and maintenance of the software systems.
Additionally, C++ developers are at the front-line of operations in an organization as they interact with clients to understand the requirements to devise a strategy to approach the application development.
Similarly, they are continually associated with software optimization and innovation-related tasks. C++ developers continue to be among the highest paid jobs in the industry.
For those speculating on if the language will survive in the past paced technical advancements, it is evident as the C++ programming language is thriving despite the recent innovations and development of other programming languages.
It can be rightly termed as the programming language that forms the strong foundations to master the newer programming languages.
Another critical factor in opting for a C++ developer career is its longevity in the industry which states that this programming language and the job roles will continue to evolve and exist in the long run. Therefore, it is the most opportune moment for all the aspirants to equip themselves with C++ language skills and embark on a successful career path as a software developer.
